that reading silently to oneself was not always a common practice: “When he read, his eyes scanned the page and his heart sought out the meaning, but his voice was silent and his tongue was still. Anyone could approach him freely and guests were not commonly announced, so that often, when we came to visit him, we found him reading like this in silence, for he never read aloud.” Augustine, insightful in sizing up emotions (as is evident in his Confessions), analyzed his mentor: “Ambrose himself I